STA 1132 Descriptive Statistics

Definition of Statistics and Role of Statistics

Dr. Thiyanga S. Talagala
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Applied Sciences
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka

Learning Objective:

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

  • Define statistics and explain its fundamental concepts.
  • Identify the various fields and contexts where statistics is used.
  • Explain the importance and significance of statistics in decision-making and problem-solving processes.

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

What is Statistics?

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting and interpreting the results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting and interpreting the results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting and interpreting the results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

Tabular data (Structured data)

Source: Le Dinh, T., Lee, S. H., Kwon, S. G., & Kwon, K. R. (2022). COVID-19 Chest X-ray Classification and Severity Assessment Using Convolutional and Transformer Neural Networks. Applied Sciences, 12(10), 4861.

Tabular data (Structured data)

Image data

Tabular data (Structured data)

Audio data

Image data

Tabular data (Structured data)

Audio data

Image data

Video data

Link

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting and interpreting the results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

How to choose a representative subset of the population?

Elephant distribution map for Sri Lanka. Image courtesy of Fernando et al (2019). (accessed from https://news.mongabay.com/2019/02/sri-lanka-gets-its-first-data-based-elephant-distribution-map/)

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting and interpreting the results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting and interpreting the results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

     ID Gender     A   B   C Weight
1     1   Male  80.0 3.6 2.5   4000
2     2 Female  90.0 2.5 6.3   5000
3     3 Female 110.0 4.0 4.5   6000
4     4 Female 100.0 4.5 3.2   7000
5     5 Female  91.5 3.0 3.5   7550
6     6   Male  92.0 3.9 3.7   4500
7     7   Male  88.0 4.2 3.8   3375
8     8   Male  70.0 4.6 3.9   5500
9     9 Female  99.8 2.8 3.8   2863
10   10 Female 102.1 3.5 3.8   3574
11   11 Female 100.8 1.7 5.1   1823
12   12 Female  98.5 3.0 5.2   3127
13   13 Female  98.8 2.7 3.0   2810
14   14 Female 100.7 3.5 5.8   3637
15   15 Female 100.5 3.7 0.7   3750
16   16 Female  99.7 3.1 3.0   3243
17   17 Female  99.3 4.0 6.4   4143
18   18 Female  99.7 4.3 3.9   4406
19   19 Female  99.0 4.4 3.3   4472
20   20 Female  99.0 3.4 3.4   3509
21   21 Female 100.9 3.0 4.0   3100
22   22 Female  99.4 3.8 1.9   3851
23   23 Female  99.7 5.8 3.3   5913
24   24 Female 100.5 5.0 5.3   5059
25   25 Female 101.7 4.0 4.3   4127
26   26 Female 101.1 1.6 3.2   1707
27   27 Female  98.5 4.2 2.6   4310
28   28 Female  99.4 2.1 3.8   2156
29   29 Female  98.4 2.1 4.0   2159
30   30 Female 100.7 3.1 2.3   3163
31   31 Female  99.2 5.6 4.7   5730
32   32 Female  99.1 4.8 3.6   4939
33   33 Female 100.2 2.7 4.4   2776
34   34 Female 100.2 3.2 3.4   3323
35   35 Female 100.2 2.2 2.4   2259
36   36 Female 100.3 4.4 3.8   4488
37   37 Female 100.7 2.4 4.0   2485
38   38 Female 100.2 4.1 2.8   4215
39   39 Female  99.8 2.0 1.8   2067
40   40 Female  99.8 6.8 3.3   6930
41   41 Female 100.7 3.3 3.8   3368
42   42 Female  99.9 4.1 4.5   4214
43   43 Female 100.0 4.2 3.1   4339
44   44 Female  99.7 4.1 3.7   4165
45   45 Female  98.9 4.5 4.8   4601
46   46 Female  99.1 3.0 3.5   3125
47   47 Female  98.6 4.8 4.7   4944
48   48 Female 100.4 2.3 3.7   2445
49   49 Female  98.7 2.8 2.2   2914
50   50 Female 100.3 4.0 3.7   4089
51   51 Female 100.4 4.3 3.3   4405
52   52 Female 100.0 2.6 2.3   2724
53   53 Female 100.0 3.8 3.9   3906
54   54 Female  99.8 4.0 3.6   4123
55   55   Male 101.7 3.0 3.9   4634
56   56   Male 100.8 2.2 2.6   3439
57   57   Male 102.2 2.2 4.1   3370
58   58   Male  99.3 3.4 3.4   5256
59   59   Male  99.2 2.2 3.4   3329
60   60   Male 100.5 6.0 2.8   9086
61   61   Male 100.2 2.2 3.1   3409
62   62   Male  99.8 3.2 4.6   4967
63   63   Male  99.0 2.1 4.8   3220
64   64   Male 100.1 2.3 2.9   3527
65   65   Male 100.3 4.3 4.8   6505
66   66   Male  99.4 3.4 4.3   5235
67   67   Male 100.3 2.8 2.0   4322
68   68   Male 101.2 2.6 4.1   3993
69   69   Male  98.6 4.0 3.8   6082
70   70   Male  99.6 3.4 4.7   5250
71   71   Male 101.2 4.6 3.7   6965
72   72   Male 100.2 2.0 2.5   3091
73   73   Male  98.7 4.0 4.0   6026
74   74   Male 101.4 3.0 4.6   4645
75   75   Male 100.4 1.3 3.2   2092
76   76   Male 100.9 3.7 3.3   5592
77   77   Male 100.9 3.2 4.5   4961
78   78   Male  99.7 2.1 3.1   3303
79   79   Male  99.9 2.1 3.6   3239
80   80   Male 100.0 3.9 2.7   5954
81   81   Male 100.8 2.9 3.6   4427
82   82   Male  99.7 2.2 2.6   3369
83   83   Male 102.7 2.5 3.7   3833
84   84   Male  99.0 2.8 4.2   4307
85   85   Male  99.1 2.0 4.4   3155
86   86   Male  98.8 2.7 3.4   4223
87   87   Male 101.0 2.7 4.9   4197
88   88   Male 101.1 5.2 3.5   7939
89   89   Male  99.2 1.8 5.1   2822
90   90   Male 101.2 2.8 2.4   4248
91   91   Male 100.2 3.3 4.3   5062
92   92   Male  98.3 2.8 3.4   4240
93   93   Male 100.0 3.8 3.6   5728
94   94   Male 101.5 2.8 4.0   4323
95   95   Male 100.2 2.8 3.3   4246
96   96   Male 100.4 4.4 4.0   6744
97   97   Male  99.3 3.5 4.4   5353
98   98   Male 101.9 2.6 3.8   4042
99   99   Male  99.0 3.9 3.3   5906
100 100   Male  99.5 3.8 3.2   5826
ID Gender A B C Weight
1 Male 80.0 3.6 2.5 4000
2 Female 90.0 2.5 6.3 5000
3 Female 110.0 4.0 4.5 6000
4 Female 100.0 4.5 3.2 7000
5 Female 91.5 3.0 3.5 7550
6 Male 92.0 3.9 3.7 4500
7 Male 88.0 4.2 3.8 3375
8 Male 70.0 4.6 3.9 5500
9 Female 99.8 2.8 3.8 2863
10 Female 102.1 3.5 3.8 3574
11 Female 100.8 1.7 5.1 1823
12 Female 98.5 3.0 5.2 3127
13 Female 98.8 2.7 3.0 2810
14 Female 100.7 3.5 5.8 3637
15 Female 100.5 3.7 0.7 3750
16 Female 99.7 3.1 3.0 3243
17 Female 99.3 4.0 6.4 4143
18 Female 99.7 4.3 3.9 4406
19 Female 99.0 4.4 3.3 4472
20 Female 99.0 3.4 3.4 3509
21 Female 100.9 3.0 4.0 3100
22 Female 99.4 3.8 1.9 3851
23 Female 99.7 5.8 3.3 5913
24 Female 100.5 5.0 5.3 5059
25 Female 101.7 4.0 4.3 4127
26 Female 101.1 1.6 3.2 1707
27 Female 98.5 4.2 2.6 4310
28 Female 99.4 2.1 3.8 2156
ID Gender A B C Weight
29 29 Female 98.4 2.1 4.0 2159
30 30 Female 100.7 3.1 2.3 3163
31 31 Female 99.2 5.6 4.7 5730
32 32 Female 99.1 4.8 3.6 4939
33 33 Female 100.2 2.7 4.4 2776
34 34 Female 100.2 3.2 3.4 3323
35 35 Female 100.2 2.2 2.4 2259
36 36 Female 100.3 4.4 3.8 4488
37 37 Female 100.7 2.4 4.0 2485
38 38 Female 100.2 4.1 2.8 4215
39 39 Female 99.8 2.0 1.8 2067
40 40 Female 99.8 6.8 3.3 6930
41 41 Female 100.7 3.3 3.8 3368
42 42 Female 99.9 4.1 4.5 4214
43 43 Female 100.0 4.2 3.1 4339
44 44 Female 99.7 4.1 3.7 4165
45 45 Female 98.9 4.5 4.8 4601
46 46 Female 99.1 3.0 3.5 3125
47 47 Female 98.6 4.8 4.7 4944
48 48 Female 100.4 2.3 3.7 2445
49 49 Female 98.7 2.8 2.2 2914
50 50 Female 100.3 4.0 3.7 4089
51 51 Female 100.4 4.3 3.3 4405
52 52 Female 100.0 2.6 2.3 2724
53 53 Female 100.0 3.8 3.9 3906
54 54 Female 99.8 4.0 3.6 4123
55 55 Male 101.7 3.0 3.9 4634
56 56 Male 100.8 2.2 2.6 3439
ID Gender A B C Weight
57 57 Male 102.2 2.2 4.1 3370
58 58 Male 99.3 3.4 3.4 5256
59 59 Male 99.2 2.2 3.4 3329
60 60 Male 100.5 6.0 2.8 9086
61 61 Male 100.2 2.2 3.1 3409
62 62 Male 99.8 3.2 4.6 4967
63 63 Male 99.0 2.1 4.8 3220
64 64 Male 100.1 2.3 2.9 3527
65 65 Male 100.3 4.3 4.8 6505
66 66 Male 99.4 3.4 4.3 5235
67 67 Male 100.3 2.8 2.0 4322
68 68 Male 101.2 2.6 4.1 3993
69 69 Male 98.6 4.0 3.8 6082
70 70 Male 99.6 3.4 4.7 5250
71 71 Male 101.2 4.6 3.7 6965
72 72 Male 100.2 2.0 2.5 3091
73 73 Male 98.7 4.0 4.0 6026
74 74 Male 101.4 3.0 4.6 4645
75 75 Male 100.4 1.3 3.2 2092
76 76 Male 100.9 3.7 3.3 5592
77 77 Male 100.9 3.2 4.5 4961
78 78 Male 99.7 2.1 3.1 3303
79 79 Male 99.9 2.1 3.6 3239
80 80 Male 100.0 3.9 2.7 5954
81 81 Male 100.8 2.9 3.6 4427
82 82 Male 99.7 2.2 2.6 3369
83 83 Male 102.7 2.5 3.7 3833
ID Gender A B C Weight
84 84 Male 99.0 2.8 4.2 4307
85 85 Male 99.1 2.0 4.4 3155
86 86 Male 98.8 2.7 3.4 4223
87 87 Male 101.0 2.7 4.9 4197
88 88 Male 101.1 5.2 3.5 7939
89 89 Male 99.2 1.8 5.1 2822
90 90 Male 101.2 2.8 2.4 4248
91 91 Male 100.2 3.3 4.3 5062
92 92 Male 98.3 2.8 3.4 4240
93 93 Male 100.0 3.8 3.6 5728
94 94 Male 101.5 2.8 4.0 4323
95 95 Male 100.2 2.8 3.3 4246
96 96 Male 100.4 4.4 4.0 6744
97 97 Male 99.3 3.5 4.4 5353
98 98 Male 101.9 2.6 3.8 4042
99 99 Male 99.0 3.9 3.3 5906
100 100 Male 99.5 3.8 3.2 5826
ID Gender B Weight
1 Male 3.6 4000
2 Female 2.5 5000
3 Female 4.0 6000
4 Female 4.5 7000
5 Female 3.0 7550
6 Male 3.9 4500
7 Male 4.2 3375
8 Male 4.6 5500
9 Female 2.8 2863
10 Female 3.5 3574
11 Female 1.7 1823
12 Female 3.0 3127
13 Female 2.7 2810
14 Female 3.5 3637
15 Female 3.7 3750
16 Female 3.1 3243
17 Female 4.0 4143
18 Female 4.3 4406
19 Female 4.4 4472
20 Female 3.4 3509
21 Female 3.0 3100
22 Female 3.8 3851
23 Female 5.8 5913
24 Female 5.0 5059
25 Female 4.0 4127
26 Female 1.6 1707
27 Female 4.2 4310
28 Female 2.1 2156
ID Gender B Weight
29 29 Female 2.1 2159
30 30 Female 3.1 3163
31 31 Female 5.6 5730
32 32 Female 4.8 4939
33 33 Female 2.7 2776
34 34 Female 3.2 3323
35 35 Female 2.2 2259
36 36 Female 4.4 4488
37 37 Female 2.4 2485
38 38 Female 4.1 4215
39 39 Female 2.0 2067
40 40 Female 6.8 6930
41 41 Female 3.3 3368
42 42 Female 4.1 4214
43 43 Female 4.2 4339
44 44 Female 4.1 4165
45 45 Female 4.5 4601
46 46 Female 3.0 3125
47 47 Female 4.8 4944
48 48 Female 2.3 2445
49 49 Female 2.8 2914
50 50 Female 4.0 4089
51 51 Female 4.3 4405
52 52 Female 2.6 2724
53 53 Female 3.8 3906
54 54 Female 4.0 4123
55 55 Male 3.0 4634
56 56 Male 2.2 3439
ID Gender B Weight
57 57 Male 2.2 3370
58 58 Male 3.4 5256
59 59 Male 2.2 3329
60 60 Male 6.0 9086
61 61 Male 2.2 3409
62 62 Male 3.2 4967
63 63 Male 2.1 3220
64 64 Male 2.3 3527
65 65 Male 4.3 6505
66 66 Male 3.4 5235
67 67 Male 2.8 4322
68 68 Male 2.6 3993
69 69 Male 4.0 6082
70 70 Male 3.4 5250
71 71 Male 4.6 6965
72 72 Male 2.0 3091
73 73 Male 4.0 6026
74 74 Male 3.0 4645
75 75 Male 1.3 2092
76 76 Male 3.7 5592
77 77 Male 3.2 4961
78 78 Male 2.1 3303
79 79 Male 2.1 3239
80 80 Male 3.9 5954
81 81 Male 2.9 4427
82 82 Male 2.2 3369
83 83 Male 2.5 3833
ID Gender B Weight
84 84 Male 2.8 4307
85 85 Male 2.0 3155
86 86 Male 2.7 4223
87 87 Male 2.7 4197
88 88 Male 5.2 7939
89 89 Male 1.8 2822
90 90 Male 2.8 4248
91 91 Male 3.3 5062
92 92 Male 2.8 4240
93 93 Male 3.8 5728
94 94 Male 2.8 4323
95 95 Male 2.8 4246
96 96 Male 4.4 6744
97 97 Male 3.5 5353
98 98 Male 2.6 4042
99 99 Male 3.9 5906
100 100 Male 3.8 5826

Summary measures

Gender A B C Weight
Female:50 Min. : 70.00 Min. :1.300 Min. :0.700 Min. :1707
Male :50 1st Qu.: 99.17 1st Qu.:2.600 1st Qu.:3.200 1st Qu.:3318
NA Median :100.00 Median :3.250 Median :3.700 Median :4206
NA Mean : 99.24 Mean :3.356 Mean :3.681 Mean :4279
NA 3rd Qu.:100.55 3rd Qu.:4.000 3rd Qu.:4.225 3rd Qu.:5015
NA Max. :110.00 Max. :6.800 Max. :6.400 Max. :9086

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting, and interpreting and interpreting the results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

Presenting Data: Example

https://thiyangt.github.io/dsjobtraker_dashboard_mc/#top-software-and-skills

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting, and interpreting results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting, and interpreting results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data, and presenting, and interpreting results derived from that data to gain insights and make informed decisions.

“Informed” means based on knowledge, facts, or awareness.

When we say “informed decisions,” it refers to choices made after carefully considering relevant information or data, rather than guessing or relying on assumptions.

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

Your turn

  • How often do you find yourself relying on statistics in your daily routines or decision-making processes?

  • Could you provide a few examples of how you utilize statistical information?

10:00

Applications of statistics in different fields

Terminology Field
Epidemiology The study and analysis of the patterns, causes and effects of health and disease conditions
Astrostatistics Applies statistical analysis to the understanding of astronomical data
Biostatistics Studies biological phenomena
Demography Statistical study of all populations
Social statistics Study human behavior in a social environment
Chemometrics Science of extracting information from chemical systems by data-driven means
Terminology Description
Actuarial statistics Discipline that deals with assessing the risks in insurance and finance field.
Forensic statistics Studies DNA testing results
Spatial statistics Analysis of spatial data
Econometrics Uses economic theory, mathematics, and statistical inference to quantify economic phenomena.
Jurimetrics Application of probability and statistics to law.
Psychometrics Applies statistical methods to psychological measurements

Source and Reading materials: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fields_of_application_of_statistics

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

Captured by Dr Thiyanga S. Talagala

#Learn to Travel. Travel to Learn.