STA 113 2.0 Descriptive Statistics

Definition of Statistics and Role of Statistics

Dr. Thiyanga S. Talagala
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Applied Sciences
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka

Learning Objective:

By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

Define statistics and explain its fundamental concepts.
Identify the various fields and contexts where statistics is used.
Explain the importance and significance of statistics in decision-making and problem-solving processes.

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

What is Statistics?

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

Tabular data (Structured data)

Source: Le Dinh, T., Lee, S. H., Kwon, S. G., & Kwon, K. R. (2022). COVID-19 Chest X-ray Classification and Severity Assessment Using Convolutional and Transformer Neural Networks. Applied Sciences, 12(10), 4861.

Tabular data (Structured data)

Image data

Tabular data (Structured data)

Audio data

Image data

Tabular data (Structured data)

Audio data

Image data

Video data

Link

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

How to choose a representative subset of the population?

Elephant distribution map for Sri Lanka. Image courtesy of Fernando et al (2019). (accessed from https://news.mongabay.com/2019/02/sri-lanka-gets-its-first-data-based-elephant-distribution-map/)

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

     ID Gender     A    B   C Weight
1     1   Male  80.0  3.6 2.5   4000
2     2 Female  90.0  2.5 6.3   5000
3     3 Female 110.0  4.0 4.5   6000
4     4 Female 100.0  4.5 3.2   7000
5     5 Female  91.5  3.0 3.5   7550
6     6   Male  92.0  3.9 3.7   4500
7     7   Male  88.0  4.2 3.8   3375
8     8   Male  70.0  4.6 3.9   5500
9     9 Female  99.5  5.9 3.6   5996
10   10 Female 101.7  4.1 3.5   4243
11   11 Female 100.1  4.3 3.7   4417
12   12 Female 100.4  3.5 4.9   3563
13   13 Female  96.6  2.0 2.9   2074
14   14 Female 100.0  2.4 4.4   2482
15   15 Female  99.2  3.3 1.0   3352
16   16 Female  98.4  2.5 1.5   2562
17   17 Female  99.9  2.3 3.1   2430
18   18 Female 101.5  2.1 4.0   2160
19   19 Female 100.3  3.8 3.2   3884
20   20 Female  99.5  3.8 2.4   3937
21   21 Female  98.5  3.1 3.9   3211
22   22 Female  98.4  3.6 3.2   3684
23   23 Female 100.4  4.6 5.9   4690
24   24 Female  99.9  2.3 4.8   2405
25   25 Female  99.2  4.4 3.2   4451
26   26 Female  99.6  4.5 1.9   4597
27   27 Female 101.7  3.7 2.9   3779
28   28 Female 102.0  2.6 2.5   2668
29   29 Female 100.1  3.2 3.4   3282
30   30 Female 101.6  4.4 3.4   4530
31   31 Female  99.5  4.2 2.9   4276
32   32 Female 101.3  3.2 1.3   3314
33   33 Female 100.1  4.5 4.4   4557
34   34 Female 101.8  5.3 4.3   5390
35   35 Female 102.6  3.8 3.6   3864
36   36 Female  99.2  3.5 4.1   3578
37   37 Female  99.5  4.5 3.4   4606
38   38 Female  97.6  4.8 3.3   4881
39   39 Female 101.1  3.2 4.2   3269
40   40 Female 100.9  4.2 3.8   4264
41   41 Female  97.7  3.4 5.0   3498
42   42 Female  99.6  4.1 4.4   4230
43   43 Female 100.5  4.9 3.3   4953
44   44 Female 101.0  4.1 3.2   4238
45   45 Female 100.4  3.5 2.5   3634
46   46 Female 101.1  3.7 3.2   3832
47   47 Female 100.0  1.9 4.8   2047
48   48 Female 100.7  3.5 2.4   3574
49   49 Female 101.1  3.3 4.8   3354
50   50 Female  98.6  2.4 3.4   2522
51   51 Female  99.4  4.0 3.5   4100
52   52 Female 100.3  3.2 3.0   3305
53   53 Female  98.3  3.6 5.6   3669
54   54 Female  99.5  3.3 3.9   3359
55   55   Male 100.3  5.2 3.2   7833
56   56   Male  97.9  0.5 3.9    826
57   57   Male  99.5  4.5 5.5   6853
58   58   Male 101.0  1.2 3.1   1868
59   59   Male 100.5  2.9 1.9   4522
60   60   Male  99.2  2.6 1.3   4065
61   61   Male  99.5  2.7 3.0   4182
62   62   Male  98.4  2.0 3.2   3130
63   63   Male 100.0  0.9 3.6   1512
64   64   Male  98.7  2.3 3.7   3614
65   65   Male  99.8  2.6 3.6   3974
66   66   Male 101.3  3.7 7.0   5669
67   67   Male  99.7  3.2 4.9   4847
68   68   Male  98.2  3.9 5.0   6020
69   69   Male 100.3  1.6 4.5   2436
70   70   Male 101.2  1.2 3.0   1837
71   71   Male  99.2  3.3 4.1   5100
72   72   Male  98.7  5.0 3.2   7665
73   73   Male 100.4  4.3 2.0   6531
74   74   Male  99.2  3.5 3.7   5405
75   75   Male  99.6  3.4 3.3   5169
76   76   Male 101.1  1.5 4.5   2357
77   77   Male 100.3  3.3 4.6   5058
78   78   Male  99.6  3.5 1.0   5383
79   79   Male  98.9  2.7 4.4   4119
80   80   Male 101.0 -0.3 3.3   -356
81   81   Male 100.5  4.5 4.2   6900
82   82   Male 100.7  2.7 4.2   4126
83   83   Male 100.0  2.3 4.1   3622
84   84   Male  99.3  4.4 3.1   6631
85   85   Male 100.3  2.2 3.3   3332
86   86   Male  99.9  2.8 2.3   4315
87   87   Male 100.4  3.0 2.9   4600
88   88   Male 100.3  3.3 4.9   5044
89   89   Male 100.4  3.6 4.4   5537
90   90   Male 100.2  4.2 4.2   6352
91   91   Male 100.2  4.2 2.4   6342
92   92   Male  99.3  1.8 2.5   2862
93   93   Male  99.7  2.4 3.8   3675
94   94   Male  99.4  2.9 3.7   4412
95   95   Male 100.9  4.8 3.6   7250
96   96   Male  99.4  3.9 4.1   5920
97   97   Male  99.7  2.2 3.7   3344
98   98   Male  99.9  2.7 3.7   4076
99   99   Male  99.5  3.2 2.7   4834
100 100   Male  99.8  1.2 2.6   1960

ID	Gender	A	B	C	Weight
1	Male	80.0	3.6	2.5	4000
2	Female	90.0	2.5	6.3	5000
3	Female	110.0	4.0	4.5	6000
4	Female	100.0	4.5	3.2	7000
5	Female	91.5	3.0	3.5	7550
6	Male	92.0	3.9	3.7	4500
7	Male	88.0	4.2	3.8	3375
8	Male	70.0	4.6	3.9	5500
9	Female	99.5	5.9	3.6	5996
10	Female	101.7	4.1	3.5	4243
11	Female	100.1	4.3	3.7	4417
12	Female	100.4	3.5	4.9	3563
13	Female	96.6	2.0	2.9	2074
14	Female	100.0	2.4	4.4	2482
15	Female	99.2	3.3	1.0	3352
16	Female	98.4	2.5	1.5	2562
17	Female	99.9	2.3	3.1	2430
18	Female	101.5	2.1	4.0	2160
19	Female	100.3	3.8	3.2	3884
20	Female	99.5	3.8	2.4	3937
21	Female	98.5	3.1	3.9	3211
22	Female	98.4	3.6	3.2	3684
23	Female	100.4	4.6	5.9	4690
24	Female	99.9	2.3	4.8	2405
25	Female	99.2	4.4	3.2	4451
26	Female	99.6	4.5	1.9	4597
27	Female	101.7	3.7	2.9	3779
28	Female	102.0	2.6	2.5	2668

	ID	Gender	A	B	C	Weight
29	29	Female	100.1	3.2	3.4	3282
30	30	Female	101.6	4.4	3.4	4530
31	31	Female	99.5	4.2	2.9	4276
32	32	Female	101.3	3.2	1.3	3314
33	33	Female	100.1	4.5	4.4	4557
34	34	Female	101.8	5.3	4.3	5390
35	35	Female	102.6	3.8	3.6	3864
36	36	Female	99.2	3.5	4.1	3578
37	37	Female	99.5	4.5	3.4	4606
38	38	Female	97.6	4.8	3.3	4881
39	39	Female	101.1	3.2	4.2	3269
40	40	Female	100.9	4.2	3.8	4264
41	41	Female	97.7	3.4	5.0	3498
42	42	Female	99.6	4.1	4.4	4230
43	43	Female	100.5	4.9	3.3	4953
44	44	Female	101.0	4.1	3.2	4238
45	45	Female	100.4	3.5	2.5	3634
46	46	Female	101.1	3.7	3.2	3832
47	47	Female	100.0	1.9	4.8	2047
48	48	Female	100.7	3.5	2.4	3574
49	49	Female	101.1	3.3	4.8	3354
50	50	Female	98.6	2.4	3.4	2522
51	51	Female	99.4	4.0	3.5	4100
52	52	Female	100.3	3.2	3.0	3305
53	53	Female	98.3	3.6	5.6	3669
54	54	Female	99.5	3.3	3.9	3359
55	55	Male	100.3	5.2	3.2	7833
56	56	Male	97.9	0.5	3.9	826

	ID	Gender	A	B	C	Weight
57	57	Male	99.5	4.5	5.5	6853
58	58	Male	101.0	1.2	3.1	1868
59	59	Male	100.5	2.9	1.9	4522
60	60	Male	99.2	2.6	1.3	4065
61	61	Male	99.5	2.7	3.0	4182
62	62	Male	98.4	2.0	3.2	3130
63	63	Male	100.0	0.9	3.6	1512
64	64	Male	98.7	2.3	3.7	3614
65	65	Male	99.8	2.6	3.6	3974
66	66	Male	101.3	3.7	7.0	5669
67	67	Male	99.7	3.2	4.9	4847
68	68	Male	98.2	3.9	5.0	6020
69	69	Male	100.3	1.6	4.5	2436
70	70	Male	101.2	1.2	3.0	1837
71	71	Male	99.2	3.3	4.1	5100
72	72	Male	98.7	5.0	3.2	7665
73	73	Male	100.4	4.3	2.0	6531
74	74	Male	99.2	3.5	3.7	5405
75	75	Male	99.6	3.4	3.3	5169
76	76	Male	101.1	1.5	4.5	2357
77	77	Male	100.3	3.3	4.6	5058
78	78	Male	99.6	3.5	1.0	5383
79	79	Male	98.9	2.7	4.4	4119
80	80	Male	101.0	-0.3	3.3	-356
81	81	Male	100.5	4.5	4.2	6900
82	82	Male	100.7	2.7	4.2	4126
83	83	Male	100.0	2.3	4.1	3622

	ID	Gender	A	B	C	Weight
84	84	Male	99.3	4.4	3.1	6631
85	85	Male	100.3	2.2	3.3	3332
86	86	Male	99.9	2.8	2.3	4315
87	87	Male	100.4	3.0	2.9	4600
88	88	Male	100.3	3.3	4.9	5044
89	89	Male	100.4	3.6	4.4	5537
90	90	Male	100.2	4.2	4.2	6352
91	91	Male	100.2	4.2	2.4	6342
92	92	Male	99.3	1.8	2.5	2862
93	93	Male	99.7	2.4	3.8	3675
94	94	Male	99.4	2.9	3.7	4412
95	95	Male	100.9	4.8	3.6	7250
96	96	Male	99.4	3.9	4.1	5920
97	97	Male	99.7	2.2	3.7	3344
98	98	Male	99.9	2.7	3.7	4076
99	99	Male	99.5	3.2	2.7	4834
100	100	Male	99.8	1.2	2.6	1960

ID	Gender	B	Weight
1	Male	3.6	4000
2	Female	2.5	5000
3	Female	4.0	6000
4	Female	4.5	7000
5	Female	3.0	7550
6	Male	3.9	4500
7	Male	4.2	3375
8	Male	4.6	5500
9	Female	5.9	5996
10	Female	4.1	4243
11	Female	4.3	4417
12	Female	3.5	3563
13	Female	2.0	2074
14	Female	2.4	2482
15	Female	3.3	3352
16	Female	2.5	2562
17	Female	2.3	2430
18	Female	2.1	2160
19	Female	3.8	3884
20	Female	3.8	3937
21	Female	3.1	3211
22	Female	3.6	3684
23	Female	4.6	4690
24	Female	2.3	2405
25	Female	4.4	4451
26	Female	4.5	4597
27	Female	3.7	3779
28	Female	2.6	2668

	ID	Gender	B	Weight
29	29	Female	3.2	3282
30	30	Female	4.4	4530
31	31	Female	4.2	4276
32	32	Female	3.2	3314
33	33	Female	4.5	4557
34	34	Female	5.3	5390
35	35	Female	3.8	3864
36	36	Female	3.5	3578
37	37	Female	4.5	4606
38	38	Female	4.8	4881
39	39	Female	3.2	3269
40	40	Female	4.2	4264
41	41	Female	3.4	3498
42	42	Female	4.1	4230
43	43	Female	4.9	4953
44	44	Female	4.1	4238
45	45	Female	3.5	3634
46	46	Female	3.7	3832
47	47	Female	1.9	2047
48	48	Female	3.5	3574
49	49	Female	3.3	3354
50	50	Female	2.4	2522
51	51	Female	4.0	4100
52	52	Female	3.2	3305
53	53	Female	3.6	3669
54	54	Female	3.3	3359
55	55	Male	5.2	7833
56	56	Male	0.5	826

	ID	Gender	B	Weight
57	57	Male	4.5	6853
58	58	Male	1.2	1868
59	59	Male	2.9	4522
60	60	Male	2.6	4065
61	61	Male	2.7	4182
62	62	Male	2.0	3130
63	63	Male	0.9	1512
64	64	Male	2.3	3614
65	65	Male	2.6	3974
66	66	Male	3.7	5669
67	67	Male	3.2	4847
68	68	Male	3.9	6020
69	69	Male	1.6	2436
70	70	Male	1.2	1837
71	71	Male	3.3	5100
72	72	Male	5.0	7665
73	73	Male	4.3	6531
74	74	Male	3.5	5405
75	75	Male	3.4	5169
76	76	Male	1.5	2357
77	77	Male	3.3	5058
78	78	Male	3.5	5383
79	79	Male	2.7	4119
80	80	Male	-0.3	-356
81	81	Male	4.5	6900
82	82	Male	2.7	4126
83	83	Male	2.3	3622

	ID	Gender	B	Weight
84	84	Male	4.4	6631
85	85	Male	2.2	3332
86	86	Male	2.8	4315
87	87	Male	3.0	4600
88	88	Male	3.3	5044
89	89	Male	3.6	5537
90	90	Male	4.2	6352
91	91	Male	4.2	6342
92	92	Male	1.8	2862
93	93	Male	2.4	3675
94	94	Male	2.9	4412
95	95	Male	4.8	7250
96	96	Male	3.9	5920
97	97	Male	2.2	3344
98	98	Male	2.7	4076
99	99	Male	3.2	4834
100	100	Male	1.2	1960

Summary measures

Gender	A	B	C	Weight
Female:50	Min. : 70.00	Min. :-0.300	Min. :1.000	Min. :-356
Male :50	1st Qu.: 99.20	1st Qu.: 2.600	1st Qu.:3.075	1st Qu.:3341
NA	Median : 99.90	Median : 3.400	Median :3.600	Median :4110
NA	Mean : 99.15	Mean : 3.303	Mean :3.579	Mean :4184
NA	3rd Qu.:100.42	3rd Qu.: 4.125	3rd Qu.:4.200	3rd Qu.:5011
NA	Max. :110.00	Max. : 5.900	Max. :7.000	Max. :7833

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

Presenting Data: Example

https://thiyangt.github.io/dsjobtraker_dashboard_mc/#top-software-and-skills

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

Your turn

How often do you find yourself relying on statistics in your daily routines or decision-making processes?
Could you provide a few examples of how you utilize statistical information?

10:00

Applications of statistics in different fields

Terminology	Field
Epidemiology	The study and analysis of the patterns, causes and effects of health and disease conditions
Astrostatistics	Applies statistical analysis to the understanding of astronomical data
Biostatistics	Studies biological phenomena
Demography	Statistical study of all populations
Social statistics	Study human behavior in a social environment
Chemometrics	Science of extracting information from chemical systems by data-driven means

Terminology	Description
Actuarial statistics	Discipline that deals with assessing the risks in insurance and finance field.
Forensic statistics	Studies DNA testing results
Spatial statistics	Analysis of spatial data
Econometrics	Uses economic theory, mathematics, and statistical inference to quantify economic phenomena.
Jurimetrics	Application of probability and statistics to law.
Psychometrics	Applies statistical methods to psychological measurements

Source and Reading materials: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fields_of_application_of_statistics

Outline

What is statistics?

Where do we use statistics?

Why do we need statistics?

Captured by Dr Thiyanga S. Talagala

#Learn to Travel. Travel to Learn.